![]() When a Sureño is asked what being a Sureño means, members answer: "A Sureño is a foot soldier for the Mexican Mafia." As a result of these prison wars, all Hispanic California street gangs align themselves with the Sureño or Norteño movements-with very few exceptions, such as the Fresno Bulldogs, and the Maravilla gangs of East Los Angeles. Even though Sureños were established in 1968, the term was not used until the 1970s as a result of the continued conflict between the Mexican Mafia and the Nuestra Familia in California's prison system. Inmates from Northern California who were affiliated with the Nuestra Familia became known as Norteños, or "Northerners". In order to distinguish themselves from the agricultural workers from Northern California, Mexican Mafia members began to refer to the gang members who worked for them as Sureños, a Spanish term meaning "Southerners". The Northerners then formed the Nuestra Familia (NF) prison gang for protection from the Mexican Mafia, the Southern gang. The rivalry between the Northerners and Southerners was solidified, however, by an incident in which a Mexican Mafia member in San Quentin State Prison stabbed his cellmate, a Mexican American from Northern California, to death in a dispute over a pair of shoes. By 1967, La Eme was attempting to unify all Mexican American gangs in California, and a concerted effort was made to end rivalries between various groups and amalgamate them into the state's largest prison gang. The Southern gang members viewed Mexican Americans from rural, agricultural areas in Northern California with contempt and considered them to be unsophisticated and weak, while the Northerners considered those from Southern California to be overly Americanized. A rivalry subsequently developed between Mexican American inmates from Southern California and those from Northern California. ![]() The Mexican Mafia was formed, in part, for protection from other groups in the prison population, and recruited its members from Mexican American street gangs. In 1957, the Mexican Mafia (or La Eme), California's first prison gang, was established by Luis "Huerro Buff" Flores and other East Los Angeles gang members, at the Deuel Vocational Institution. Mexican American street gangs originated in Los Angeles in the early 1900s as a result of various factors, including economic conditions and racial prejudice. Sureños have emerged as a national gang in the United States. ![]() Thus, fighting is common among different Sureño gangs even though they share the same common identity. Many Sureño gangs have rivalries with one another, and the only time this rivalry is set aside is when they enter the prison system. state and federal correctional facilities. Sureños ( Spanish for Southerners), also known as Southern United Raza, Sur 13 or Sureños X3, are groups of loosely affiliated gangs that pay tribute to the Mexican Mafia while in U.S.
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